In recent weeks it has appeared in the pages and spaces in the local press about the building of an electricity generation plant from from biomass gasification possibly poplar plantations in the environment.
not the only one of the initiatives they plan on provincial geography. The plant promoted by ACCIONA Energy near Valencia de Don Juan projected installation of power generation of 25 MW of electricity generated by a gasification process from herbaceous and woody waste.
The announcement of the establishment of such plants significant interest by local governments, which benefit from the taxes and charges arising from industrial activities and the implementation works; of farmers in the environment they have the opportunity to enhance their well- agro waste, either by the possibility of using new energy crops and, in general, the surrounding population who sees a possibility of using these facilities.
But what is gasification?
GASIFICATION
The Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving of Energy, IDEA defines gasification as the set of thermochemical reactions that occur in a oxygen-poor environment and resulting in the transformation of a solid in a number of gases that can be used in a boiler, turbine or motor, after being duly equipped. "
For gasification facilities that we occupy is treated solid biomass.
oxygen-poor environments cause incomplete combustion of fuel in the case of biomass. That is, the combustion process does not have all the oxygen needed to properly burn biomass.
If the oxidant used is air you get a gas or biogas, low calorific value, commonly called producer gas.
Using as an oxidant
oxygen or water vapor yields a higher calorific biogas known as synthesis gas.
Electricity generation by biomass gasification.
In these plants the goal is to produce electricity to be consumed by users, as well as coal-fired power plants, hydroelectric plants or wind farms.
The raw material used in these plants is biomass.
Biomass: "Any material of biological origin excluding those who have been enshrined in geological formations and have undergone a process of mineralization (European Technical Specification CEN / TS 14588)
as biomass energy is known to all organic matter, plant or animal including materials from natural or artificial processing.
Biomass can be submitted directly to a combustion process of obtaining usable heat either directly or as an energy carrier for other energy forms.
But it can also be subjected to a gasification process in which gas is obtained for use in internal combustion engine coupled to an alternator produces electricity.
A plant of this type consists of three distinct areas:
• gasification reactor, which produces the incomplete combustion process of biomass producing a biogas.
• Cleaning system: the gas produced should be cleaned and conditioned before being used in combustion engines.
• Generation System: Internal combustion engines consume gas processing making the movement of trailers and alternators generating electricity.
this basic scheme could be added the system and preparation and processing of biomass in which the product is available, for example, poplar wood, it comes to the size, shape and moisture for introduction into the reactor.
is important to a previous characterization of the biomass available for processing. Their characteristics determine the type of technology to use. For example, the size of the particles and their stability over time, determine the size and shape of reactor.
type conditions that must be gasified biomass are
• Humidity: 10-20%
• Particle size: 2-15 mm
• Minimum density: 200 -250 kg/m3
• Ash content: \u0026lt;10%
advantages over other renewables.
The use of biomass presents interesting advantages over other renewables:
• This activity will generate employment and much to invigorate the rural environment.
• It is manageable, does not depend on the existence of the presence of sun or wind.
• It is possible agro-waste recovery and / or livestock.
• Spain has its own technology for this kind of exploitation thus encourages the domestic industry.
Gasification versus direct combustion of biomass.
biomass could burn and generate electricity directly from the temperature and the gases produced. Gasification, however, provides a number of advantages.
The gas obtained in the gasification process is more easily burned than solid matter.
For the combustion of biogas requires less air (oxidizing).
fewer particles are emitted into the atmosphere.
The biogas produced is easily stored and used in internal combustion engines.
not all advantageous.
industrial systems should ensure the tightness of the process. We must not forget that handle toxic gases such as carbon monoxide (CO).
tar is produced in the gasification process.
Ongoing projects need to be accepted in the pre-allocation processes of the Ministry of Industry to gain access to the regulated tariffs for electricity generation using renewable energy systems and facilities to be profitable for developers initiatives.
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