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Notes on the conclusions of the Sub-analysis of the Spanish energy strategy for the next 25 years (... and III).

consumers the paper addresses the following issues:

TRANSPORT AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES

should promote measures that impact on the reduction petroleum fuel. For this it is necessary to promote the use of biofuels in combustion engines, support for the replacement and renovation of more efficient vehicles, development of electric vehicles as well as supply and recharge systems, increased freight by rail, not to mention the promotion policies of public transport.

These measures need the support of productive sectors and research: it is necessary to study the battery charging systems to take advantage of peak times and thus flattening the curve of daily electric power demand, it is vital to follow progress in the development of new electrical energy storage, it is convenient to think new models and urban citizens to reduce the movement of people and goods. BUILDING





in this sector must develop and approve a plan that encourages sustainable construction. (Is there any sector that can afford the luxury of not being sustainable?) For this is needed as soon as possible to transpose the European Directive on Energy Efficiency in Buildings.

is necessary in the same way to stimulate the rehabilitation of homes in those aspects related to energy efficiency and especially the renewal of electrical installations.


LARGE ENERGY CONSUMERS


large consumers must articulate a market term supply contracts, not to mention a redesign of the electricity market to allow adequate remuneration for additional services, interruptibility and other adjustment methods



It also addresses energy infrastructure. INTERCONNECTIONS

electricity and gas

According to subcommittee is necessary to increase electricity and gas interconnections in order to ensure system security. With France is expected to reach 10% the English electricity generating capacity in 2020, to arrive in 2035 to 20%.



DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT NETWORKS

It affects the momentum must have the distribution networks to adapt to the integration of all renewable sources, distributed generation, the development of electric vehicles, etc ... even changing the concepts of compensation for use of the distribution network.

also refer to the need for measures to encourage efficiency and flexibility of the transport network, taking up the use of current, superconducting materials and use of communications lines.



DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

is necessary to establish new rules that would increase the establishment of small facilities generating electricity from clean sources, mainly from up to 10 kW of power, encouraging consumption and connection summary procedure grid. It will also require regular connection network installations up to 100 kW.



Intelligent Networks ("Smart Grid")

The Intelligent Network concept encompassing the aforementioned issues, in short attempts to summarize all technical and management needs to ensure that existing networks power are able to support new-generation facilities use electricity, automating the tasks of remote management and demand management.



CO2 CAPTURE AND STORAGE

is manifested by the Subcommittee the need to support the development of systems for CO2 capture and storage to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and sustainable energy sectors as coal, that if, taking into account the costs and sustainability of the processes.



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Research in the energy sector should focus and those aspects which may represent more impact and allowing for technological leadership in the sector.

Works R & D in renewable technologies developed within the European Strategic Energy Technology and the EU NER-300, along with the creation of clusters of renewable energy should frame the research and development efforts.



ENERGY MARKET LIBERALIZATION, REGULATORS AND DEFICIT RATE

must further liberalize those released in electricity and gas markets, ensuring the independence of regulatory bodies, and solve the problem of the tariff deficit.

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Notes on the conclusions of the Sub-analysis of the Spanish energy strategy for the next 25 years (II).

Before starting the study of each of the chapters or issues makes the Subcommittee a brief mission statement praising the political agreement reached on the wording of the document and waiting for the agreement of the entire energy sector with it.


is impacted, followed by the subcommittee, the importance and validity of the Kyoto Protocol as an international instrument to achieve combat climate change redice emissions of greenhouse gases by the compromises the well-known as Directive 20-20 - 20.

believes that policy should be continued support for Renewable Energy (inv), promotion of energy saving and energy efficiency, incentives for clean coal technologies and carbon sinks, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the consolidation of the European market for emission rights.

The conclusions for the different points studied are:


PILLARS OF ENERGY SYSTEM


is considered that any energy policy for the next 25 years should be based on so-called three pillars: security of supply

.

economic competitiveness.

environmental sustainability.



EFFICIENCY

is necessary to develop a specific policy that would achieve the savings targets of 20% in primary energy consumption. Promoting energy efficiency must be accompanied by clear incentives for investments in energy savings.

to convey to consumers the need for savings is considered necessary that the cost of energy reflects the real cost of it. (Is this an announcement of further increases in the different fuels and energy?



RENEWABLE ENERGY

should continue with the progressive and reasonable facilities for renewable energy generation. For this you must take advantage of the lowering of certain technologies due to economies of scale and maturity levels of the same, driving the need for industrial technological progress.

The subcommittee affect the possibility of establishing an indicative cost for the new facility that covers the various costs, benefits and increase the competitiveness of plants redice the level of premiums.

is considered necessary, how could it be otherwise, the momentum in the management of related companies, developing international connections, storage capacity, the promotion of smart grids and distributed generation ...

The target set is the scope of an energy mix sufficiently diversified, with mature technologies, encouraging the national technological and industrial fabric, sustainable and economically viable.

is proposed that the cost of developing renewable technologies electrical system, which has had a rapid development, is borne by all consumers of energy, and not just electricity consumers.



GAS SECTOR

the subcommittee believes that the gas is critical for existing thermal power stations must support renewable energy for proper management of the electrical system. (Who decided that a country like Spain, no Gas reservoirs, were built to consume the fuel stations ...?)

is therefore necessary to have a supply system, networking and storage adept orderly and efficient management. It must address the challenge to establish an integrated market for gas and ensure its use throughout the country, including island and peninsular systems.



COAL SECTOR

Eleven lines of text devoted to the report the only fossil fuel that exists in Spain and a capability for continuous supply.

Stresses in this circumstance the subcommittee as well as socio-economic implications existing mining activity in the update. Little or no

says the report on strategic qualities of this energy source for self-sufficiency in Spain or the need to maintain knowledge and technological and operational capabilities of the technologies used, which by the way, if you on nuclear sector.

If manifested, on the other hand, the need for progress in studies on CO2 capture and storage as a possible way to have clean coal plants, but keeping in mind the costs of these techniques and their asumibilidad (allow me the word ) by consumers. ENERGY



NUCLEAR

parliamentary subcommittee considers the Nuclear Energy has an adequate presence in Spain, well developed and safe and that it is in the near future with current facilities, although many of them end their life expectancy in 2021 , with improvements and current developments may participate in the energy mix at levels similar to those of today.

Calls legislature also to be addressed in the short term development of the sector and establish nuclear policies in the medium to long term, taking into account the national context and the energy policy of the European Union. It is also necessary to undertake as soon as The report, construction of the Centralized Temporary Store will allow to solve the safe storage of waste.



THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND SUPPORT TO inv

will need to maintain the existing thermal generation capacity to ensure the manageability of the power system with the addition of generation from renewable energy. The costs of these plants should be internalized by the unmanaged technologies, ie they will be renewable energy facilities which must bear the cost of maintaining the operating power plants to ensure energy supply when renewables can not generate.


(To be continued ..)

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Notes on the conclusions of the Sub-analysis of the Spanish energy strategy for the next 25 years. (I) BIOMASS GASIFICATION

Notes on the conclusions of the Sub-analysis of the English energy strategy for the next 25 years. (I)

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The classic epic

La epic is a literary genre in which the author presents facts objectively legendary fictional or developed in time and space. The author uses as the usual form of expression narrative, but can also be description and dialogue . In some cases, the epic is not written, but rather told orally by the bards . " (Wikimedia Commons)

The image you see is a sculpture of the poet most famous classical antiquity: Homer. This poet is the author (although there are discussions about) the most famous epics of classical antiquity: The Iliad and the Odyssey , composed circa 800 BC C.

or literary techniques used by Homer

Epithets: very useful not only in ancient epics but also in later epic poems of the Middle Ages. Through them the author draws the attention of the recipient on some meaning. We can distinguish:

a) pure epithets, are adjectives that are added to nouns to highlight a quality that is characteristic of that noun. In a way, the information provided is redundant, but serve to alert the receiver on that word. Eg "acute sword", " baladoras goats", "long spear", "long craft rowing", "rowers banks", etc.

b) fixed epithets, are phrases or adjectives, pointing qualities of each hero, and are generally commas. Eg: "Achilles, swift of foot," "Eos, daughter of the morning," "Stormy Zeus."

Comparison: linking strategy elements to highlight a similarity between the two: " ... and howling his heart on his chest, like a bitch, to get their pups, howl the unknown and want to rush you ... " (Odyssey, singing XX) or to make a difference ... " was a prodigious monster, not at all like men who eat bread ..."

Anticipations: are signs that advertise or foretell future events:

Eg: "... The skinny fatal Hector just stopped ..." (Iliad, Canto XXII)

Story framed

Narrator fluctuating

direct style

indirect style

fixed Metaphors

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disappointment: two types of components or parts

The disappointment logic is understood in more than one way. In general, this ratio is used as a synonym of incompatibility and is one of the best known logical relationships.
In propositional logic and classical logic means the incompatibility as a relationship between two propositional forms that they can not be both simultaneously true .
For example, on one hand and q-q Ypy other are contrary to or inconsistent, since both p and q are true or false there will never be a substitution in which both are true.
can also understand the disappointment from meaning of sentences. For example, if we have the words "today is Tuesday" and "Today is Thursday," both can not be true simultaneously, by virtue of its meaning. There will be days when one is true, but not another.
The Saturday will be both false, so that on that day are both false simultaneously.
However, to talk about the falsity of the two forms simultaneously up propositional should say that they are in the event that both p and q are false.

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reasoning deductive reasoning and not

The reasoning can be analyzed in its structure. From the formal point of view , reasoning has only two components or elements: premises and conclusion. In general logic
speaks of "the premises", but an argument can have a single premise.
course, the conclusion in an argument is always one.
From an informal, one can see that the reasoning set in natural languages \u200b\u200bcontain certain expressions that play a role in them.
This is what some call " derivative expressions" or "expressions indicating" meaning point to the role of some propositions in the argument.
For example, if we are saying something, "citing a number of reasons, and then say" so what you say is not true, "the phrase" therefore "is a derivative, known as" prompt conclusion . "
A typical indicator is premises "because" after the conclusion stated.

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Taking the broad definition of reasoning we have given, which is the most frequently adopted, we note that there are two major types different reasoning for the way they combine their two formal components: premises and conclusions.
In deductive reasoning, also called valid or correct, the premises provide a comprehensive basis to conclude, but only when the premises are true.
If this is the case, if the conclusion is true.
is said that in deductive reasoning the conclusion follows from the premises as required. Or that follows them (or her). You can also say that all deductive reasoning the premises imply the conclusion .
The deductive reasoning-not that some scholars called logical inferences to highlight its non-conclusive "are those in which the relationship between premises and conclusion is likely.
Some types of inductive reasoning are the arguments abductive and inductive, where the truth of the premises does not determine the truth of the conclusion.
The logical claim to offer any basis to conclude a reasonable likelihood .

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deductive logic, thinking and reasoning

There are still books written and assimilate logic thinking , or those mental processes that occur in our minds.
In fact, once it was understood that although mode logic studied the associations between sentences or propositions in different types of arguments, reasoning himself was identified with the thought.
Thus, definitions are still in circulation that characterize logic as "science of thinking."
This is wrong, for many years, the modern logic specifically studying the language, natural language, formalized languages \u200b\u200b - regardless of any psychological assumptions about the nature of mental processes. Note that a
psychological hypothesis is empirical, while logic is a formal science.
also the target language is externalized as of minds, which makes its formal treatment.

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Two ways of thinking in logical reasoning

is important to disambiguate two senses of " reasoning" used within the logic in different bibilografía on the subject.

Taking any definition, for example the following:

reasoning is an argument which says something (called conclusion) from one or more proposals, which are called premises.

Here the words "from of "is ambiguous, badly ambiguous because it does not come close to capturing the meaning of reasoning.

Sustituyámosla by the following definition 2:" reasoning is an argument which states a proposition, called the conclusion, from another other adduced to give ground. "

This definition is better. We call broad definition or in the broad sense" reasoning ". Why?

Because for some logical and logical experts the real reason are deductive logic. In this case, an argument that the premises "is argues, "but unsuccessfully to justify or substantiate (completely) the conclusion will not be considered an argument.

For these cases, those who hold this restrictive approach and strong argument has reserved the word" inference .

Consequently, for them an inductive argument is an inference , puiendo discussed whether there is any value in the inductive passage from premises to conclusion.

If we adopt this criterion, then we must admit that an argument is " an argument which states a proposition , called the conclusion, from another or others give foundation. "

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What is

There are several ways to define a reasoning.
But first we must remember that the logic is not concerned with studying objects and phenomena in the world, sini the language used to describe them.
In this sense, is a metalinguistic discipline, it uses a language (the self, symbolized or not) to refer to another language (usually a natural language such as English).
reasoning define a sequence statements or propositions in which states one (called conclusion) from one or other solutions as a basis (called premises) .
Another possible definition is that a reasoning is an argument in which it is intended that a claim is based on another or others.
reasoning is a chain of propositions (statements) in which at least one premise or based formula to justify a conclusion.
The formal components of all reasoning are premises and conclusions.

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What is a logical proposition in logic

A proposition is generally understood in the context of logic as a linguistic expression whose function is informative.
That is, a proposition is a sentence affirm or deny something .
The presence of this dimension or relational semantics implies, then, that the sentence is true or false.
Sometimes the statements are called propositions, precisely because of its characteristics have truth value, but in logic the term most commonly used is "proposition." Who is learning
logic should be aware that the fact that a proposition is equivalent to singifica not really know him, nor that they will ever know.
The property of being true or be false proposition is a semantic nature and depends on the relation that the sentence with what it denotes.

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difference between truth and validity

In symbolic logic the notions of truth and validity are clearly different .
The truth semantics is a notion that refers to a relationship between an expression and a state of affairs. Taking a
propositional form, as it has no semantic meaning refers to the world, although logical meaning, the truth concerning possibilities, the possibility of being true in any interpretation.
For example, p and q, will be true in any interpretation where p is true q is also true, and only then .
Another way to say is that the propositional form is true in every possible world where p and q on the other side are true.
A tautology, then, is a true statement in every possible world, which means it is impossible to have an interpretation (under the principle of contradiction) which is false.
The validity instead is a formal property of a form or structure of reasoning , defined as the inability of the premises are true and the conclusion is false for any interpretation possible under the law of contradiction.

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What are the values \u200b\u200bof truth? Meaning

The term "truth value have " should not be confused with "true".
A descriptive sentence, which is formulated in language information to represent or describe something that has truth value.
The two two truth values: true and false. These are based on the logical principle of contradiction, which establishes the impossibility of p-p at the same time.
For example, it is impossible that you are reading and not reading this at the same time.
truth values \u200b\u200bare something we do assessments of the sentences under a relationship, so they are concepts semantics.
There is a relationship because when we describe something ("this table is wooden, for example) determine two domains or different areas: the field of language and of what language means.
The semantic study precisely the relation that arises between the language and describe what .
then, that a sentence has one or other truth-value depends on the relationship between her and what that means or refers. The sentence "this table is made of wood" will be true if the table with an object, it's really wood.
But if I say the same thing on a table made of iron, then the sentence is false , there is no correspondence between the sentence and what that means.
We said that a sentence has either truth value depends on the semantic relation established, but that's not the same as saying that "a sentence has truth value depends on the relationship with what means. " prayer Well, if descriptive, have a truth value matter if one or other relationship.
and have a truth value independently of whether we know it .
and have a truth value independently of whether we can ever know or not.

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The connectives of logic have significance.
While logic is a formal discipline or science, for example a quantifier of logic predicate or a logical connective such as conjunction have meaning.
For example, if you have p and q, these proposals represent propositional letters which are connected by the English expression "y", and that connective is called conjunction.
What is its significance? This connective says the simultaneous occurrence of these two parts together. In other words, means that p and q are true at the same time, and nothing else.
For example, if you say "it's summer and still not hot", this expression is symbolized in propositional logic as noted above.
In this case, the connective referred to by the word "and" indicates that both occur simultaneously.
For this sentence true has to happen or yes it is true "it is summer" and be true "does not yet heat. "Otherwise the sentence is false.
This captures precisely the meaning of the connective , it signals that link the two atomic propositions thus can only be true if the expression pointed .

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logical connectives Truth Tables what are they?

The method of truth tables is a procedure that is used in propositional logic to display all possible values \u200b\u200bof truth that can take a propositional form.
As truth values \u200b\u200bare two, each constituent a propositional form will have a truth value: the propositional letters and connectives, and under the main connective display the value for each substitution.
The substitution is a unique assignment of truth values \u200b\u200bto propositional letters . For example, suppose we have p and q. In this situation, a substitution will be when p is true and q true, another substitution is when p is false but q true, and so the four possibilities.
The result truth table will, then the total of the possibilities expressed in four rows, the result for each row will be under the main connective, which in this case is the "conjunction" and depend on the table or meaning of the connective itself.

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associated conditional method

In propositional logic, the associated conditional method is a test of validity.
This is a procedure for determining whether a propositional form is valid or not.
This method is mechanical and is based on the method truth tables, which is the explanation of all possible values \u200b\u200bof truth that can take a propositional form in accordance with the meaning of the connectives that she appear and possible values \u200b\u200bof propositional letters.
The associated conditional consists in the truth table of a conditional, resulting in the conclusion of the argument, or alleged antecedent reasoning, and the conjunction of the premises.
simply, if you get a tautology to make the truth table of a conditional reasoning associated prove the validity of this form of reasoning.

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Different meanings of "contradiction"

The term "contradiction " is often used with different meanings in logic and axiomatic.
When we say "there is a contradiction," we say, for example, is self-expression, "the four-sided triangle" or "hand moves and is still at the same time."
We can also say that there is a logical relationship of contradictoriness , Understood in a formal way, as with the propositions p-p, or with formulas A and-A.
also a "contradiction" may signal an inconsistency or contrariety. This in turn may reflect the logical structure of two propositional forms, for example p and q, p-q.
But there may be incompatible with the meaning of propositions , such as occurs with "John is in Europe" and "John is in Canada," which can not be true at the same time.
Finally, you can also talk about contradiction in a formal axiomatic system , in the sense of formal contradictoriness, or in the sense that for any interpretation of the axioms can not all be true simultaneously.

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logical relations between mathematics and propositional forms metamathematics

In propositional logic are logical relationships between propositional forms. Typically

relationships that can exist between a pair of propositional forms are contradictoriness, annoyance or inconsistency, implication and logical equivalence subcontrariedad. Two

propositional forms are contradictory when it is impossible to be true at the same time in any case of replacement and, moreover, can not possibly be false at the same time.
Technically, for any substitution of the truth table of the same case that both are true and it happens that both are false.
Another definition: given two propositional formulas A and B can not simultaneously be true or may be false simultaneously.
Another definition: two propositional forms are contradictory if and only if when one is true the other is false.

Two propositional forms are contrary (or incompatible) when they can not simultaneously be true in any interpretation (or substitution) but false.
Another definition, are inconsistent when they are both true in any case sutitución table true but false in some cases.
This definition is different from the misguided "two propositional forms are inconsistent when they can not be simultaneously true in any case of replacement," because this is equivalent (under the assumption that logic is bivalent, that is the principle of non contradiction) "two propositional forms are inconsistent when they are simultaneously true in any case of replacement."
But if you take two propositional forms A and-A (not A), second definition is satisfied, so these would also be contrary contradictory.
But contradictoriness means that both can not be simultaneously either simultaneously true or false, so if being contrary are also contradictory, then there may be both false, and there is no difference between disappointment and contradictoriness.

A propositional form involves another if it can happen that the former is true and the second is false. That is, if there is no substitute in any way that the former is true and the second false.

Two forms are logically equivalent propositional when they engage each other. Consequently, there will be no substitution for which they are both true, nor any case they are both false.

Two propositional forms are subcontrarias when they can not simultaneously be both false but true. In other words, there are false simultaneously in any case of replacement, but there is at least one case they are both true.

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The mathematics (or mathematics ) is considered as a formal science deals with abstract entities or reference or ideal, as the numbers.
should be examined whether conceptually fields as diverse as topology, arithmetic and geometry are part of the same discipline that is "math."
Anyway, a statement about the characteristics certain numbers known as "relatively prime" is a mathematical, it speaks of numbers.
But an analysis on what constitutes truth in mathematics is formulated from a metalanguage (language that refers to another language, known it as object language) and is therefore a meta-reflection .
belongs to the philosophy of mathematics reflection on what is truth in mathematics or perhaps we can speak of such a thing in this set of disciplines.
also the question about the consistency of mathematics is meta-character, as well as many reflections belong to the field of philosophy of formal sciences.
could even go further and differentiate meta-analysis of studies metaformales, in the sense that the object of reflection are not mathematics but the formal sciences in general.
A statement made from a speech metaformal our question above is whether, for example, topology, arithmetic and geometry foman part of the same scientific discipline called mathematics.

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Logical forms of reasoning and definitions

Many books define the logic as "the science of thinking" or "studied the reasoning."
We have noted that in fact there are many different kinds of logic, but also we note that this definition is wrong. Well
logic not only studied structures reasoning or argument, but deals with other issues such as the definition.
Much less, the logic is a theory of knowledge "because the latter is part of the knowledge or the philosophical reflection, necessarily more general.
Finally, we note with respect to common mistakes about what is the logic that is not correct to say that part of the logic is to study the arguments, since in both formal science is devoted to study the structure of these, known as "forms of reasoning" regardless of any interpretation thereof.
Note, from awards already presented on the difference between logic and that these considerations metalogic Metalog written from a discourse of logic.

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difference between Logic and Logic

The logic is understood generally as a formal science , in the sense that its object of study, that of which deals are reference entities of formal or abstract.
In reality there are many logical, diverse nature and scope.
But if logic is understood that discipline that deals with studying the structure of the arguments we see that a form of reasoning is formal in the sense that it lacks a definite interpretation or, in other words, it contains variables (eg propositional letters) that can take different meanings, in fact infinite.
For example if you say "All A is B", "A" and "B" are formulas that can be replaced, in fact interpreted in infinite ways. For example, "all Madrid is English", or "every raven is a bird."
In contrast, the metalogic is a discipline that aims to study in the logic : it is a metadiscipline, a discipline that studies other discipline.
Thus, for example, contradictoriness not called in a formal system consistency. So the question of whether the logic is consistent is typical of the metalogic.
It is possible to analyze semantic aspects of logic (eg first order logic) and in that sense a reflection on the meaning of logical connectives will be a matter of metalogic, or metalogical.

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metalogic, metalogic and philosophy of formal sciences

Blog on topics of logic, metalogic, mathematics, and philosophy metaformales systems of mathematics in general.

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In recent weeks it has appeared in the pages and spaces in the local press about the building of an electricity generation plant from from biomass gasification possibly poplar plantations in the environment.

not the only one of the initiatives they plan on provincial geography. The plant promoted by ACCIONA Energy near Valencia de Don Juan projected installation of power generation of 25 MW of electricity generated by a gasification process from herbaceous and woody waste.

The announcement of the establishment of such plants significant interest by local governments, which benefit from the taxes and charges arising from industrial activities and the implementation works; of farmers in the environment they have the opportunity to enhance their well- agro waste, either by the possibility of using new energy crops and, in general, the surrounding population who sees a possibility of using these facilities.

But what is gasification?

GASIFICATION

The Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving of Energy, IDEA defines gasification as the set of thermochemical reactions that occur in a oxygen-poor environment and resulting in the transformation of a solid in a number of gases that can be used in a boiler, turbine or motor, after being duly equipped. "

For gasification facilities that we occupy is treated solid biomass.

oxygen-poor environments cause incomplete combustion of fuel in the case of biomass. That is, the combustion process does not have all the oxygen needed to properly burn biomass.

If the oxidant used is air you get a gas or biogas, low calorific value, commonly called producer gas.

Using as an oxidant

oxygen or water vapor yields a higher calorific biogas known as synthesis gas.

Electricity generation by biomass gasification.

In these plants the goal is to produce electricity to be consumed by users, as well as coal-fired power plants, hydroelectric plants or wind farms.

The raw material used in these plants is biomass.

Biomass: "Any material of biological origin excluding those who have been enshrined in geological formations and have undergone a process of mineralization (European Technical Specification CEN / TS 14588)

as biomass energy is known to all organic matter, plant or animal including materials from natural or artificial processing.

Biomass can be submitted directly to a combustion process of obtaining usable heat either directly or as an energy carrier for other energy forms.

But it can also be subjected to a gasification process in which gas is obtained for use in internal combustion engine coupled to an alternator produces electricity.

A plant of this type consists of three distinct areas:

• gasification reactor, which produces the incomplete combustion process of biomass producing a biogas.

• Cleaning system: the gas produced should be cleaned and conditioned before being used in combustion engines.

• Generation System: Internal combustion engines consume gas processing making the movement of trailers and alternators generating electricity.

this basic scheme could be added the system and preparation and processing of biomass in which the product is available, for example, poplar wood, it comes to the size, shape and moisture for introduction into the reactor.

is important to a previous characterization of the biomass available for processing. Their characteristics determine the type of technology to use. For example, the size of the particles and their stability over time, determine the size and shape of reactor.

type conditions that must be gasified biomass are

• Humidity: 10-20%

• Particle size: 2-15 mm

• Minimum density: 200 -250 kg/m3

• Ash content: \u0026lt;10%

advantages over other renewables.

The use of biomass presents interesting advantages over other renewables:

• This activity will generate employment and much to invigorate the rural environment.

• It is manageable, does not depend on the existence of the presence of sun or wind.

• It is possible agro-waste recovery and / or livestock.

• Spain has its own technology for this kind of exploitation thus encourages the domestic industry.

Gasification versus direct combustion of biomass.

biomass could burn and generate electricity directly from the temperature and the gases produced. Gasification, however, provides a number of advantages.

The gas obtained in the gasification process is more easily burned than solid matter.

For the combustion of biogas requires less air (oxidizing).

fewer particles are emitted into the atmosphere.

The biogas produced is easily stored and used in internal combustion engines.

not all advantageous.

industrial systems should ensure the tightness of the process. We must not forget that handle toxic gases such as carbon monoxide (CO).

tar is produced in the gasification process.

Ongoing projects need to be accepted in the pre-allocation processes of the Ministry of Industry to gain access to the regulated tariffs for electricity generation using renewable energy systems and facilities to be profitable for developers initiatives.